Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential Concepts and Applications

Synopsis

Front Cover; Fundamentals Of Toxicology; Copyright Page; Contents; About The Author; Foreword; Preface; Unit I; 1 Introduction And Historical Background; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historical Background; 1.2.1 Antiquity; 1.2.2 Middle Ages; 1.2.3 Age Of Enlightenment; 1.3 Modern Toxicology; 1.3.1 After World War Ii; 2 Definitions And Scope Of Toxicology; 2.1 Definitions; 2.2 Sub-disciplines Of Toxicology; 2.3 Toxicant And Types Of Toxicants; 2.4 Toxicity And Toxic Effects; 2.4.1 Toxicity In Relation To Frequency And Duration Of Exposure 2.4.2 Toxicity In Relation To Time Of Development And Duration Of Induced Effects2.5 Dose And Related Terms; 2.6 Other Common Terms; 2.7 Sources Of Poisoning; 2.7.1 Accidental Poisoning; 2.7.2 Malicious Poisoning; 2.7.3 Occupational Exposure; 2.8 Duration And Frequency Of Exposure; 3 Classification Of Poisons/toxicants; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Classification Of Poisons; 3.3 Actions Of Poisons; 4 Factors Affecting Toxicity; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Factors Affecting Toxicity; 4.2.1 Host Factors; 4.2.2 Factors Related To The Toxicant Or Associated With Xenobiotics; 4.2.3 Environmental Conditions 5 Natural Laws Concerning Toxicology5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Tolerance; 5.3 Dose; 5.4 Time Action Curves; 5.5 Dose-response Relationship; 5.5.1 Graded Or Gradual Dose-response Relationship; 5.5.2 Quantal Or All-or-none Dose-response Relationship; 5.6 Statistical Concept Of Toxicity; 5.7 Variables Of Dose-response Curve; 5.8 Frequently Used Terms For Safety Evaluation Of Drugs; 5.9 Interaction With Receptors; 5.10 Types Of Xenobiotics; 5.11 Xenobiotic/drug Interaction; 5.12 Nature And Extent Of Toxicity Testing; 6 Hazard And Risk Assessment; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Risk Assessment Approach 6.2.1 Preliminary Evaluation6.2.2 Toxicity Assessment; 6.2.3 Exposure Assessment; 6.3 Conclusion; Unit Ii; 7 Absorption, Distribution, And Excretion Of Toxicants; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Translocation Of Xenobiotics Across Membranes; 7.2.1 Membrane Permeability; 7.2.2 Mechanism Of Chemical Transfer; 7.2.3 Processes Of Transport; 7.2.3.1 Passive Transport; 7.2.3.2 Specialized Active Transport; 7.2.3.3 Additional Transport Processes; 7.3 Absorption; 7.3.1 Gastrointestinal Absorption; 7.3.2 Skin Absorption; 7.3.3 Lungs Absorption; 7.3.4 Parenteral Administration; 7.4 Distribution 7.4.1 Tissue Permeability Barriers7.4.2 Transfer Across Other Membranes; 7.4.3 Factors Affecting Distribution And Tissue Retention; 7.4.4 Binding To Biological Macromolecules And Toxic Effects; 7.4.5 Redistribution; 7.5 Excretion; 7.5.1 Renal Excretion; 7.5.2 Biliary Excretion; 7.5.3 Gastrointestinal Tract; 7.5.4 Expired Air; 7.5.5 Sweat; 7.5.6 Saliva; 7.5.7 Milk; 7.5.8 Vaginal Secretions; 7.5.9 Other Routes; 8 Biotransformation; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Functions Of Biotransformation; 8.3 Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes; 8.4 Pathways Of Biotransformation P. K. Gupta. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.