The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani (Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East)

Synopsis

The Iranian Constitutional Revolution Was The Twentieth Century's First Such Political Movement In The Middle East. It Represented A Landmark In Iranian History Because Of The Unlikely Support It Received From Shi'ite Clerics Who Historically Viewed Western Concepts With Suspicion, Some Claiming Constitutionalism To Be Anti-islamic. Leading The Support Was Muhammad Kazim Khurasani, The Renowned Shi'ite Jurist Who Conceived Of A Supporting Role For The Clergy In A Modern Iranian Political System. Drawing On Extensive Analysis Of Religious Texts, Fatwas, And Articles Written By Khurasani An Other Pro- And Anti-constitutionalists, Farzaneh Provides A Comprehensive And Illuminating Interpretation Of Khurasani's Religious Pragmatism. Despite Some Opposition From His Peers, Khurasani Used A Form Of Jurisprudential Reasoning When Creating Shari'a That Was Based On Human Intellect To Justify His Support Of Not Only The Iranian Parliament But Also The Political Powers Of Clerics. He Had A Reputation Across The Shi'ite Community As A Masterful Religious Scholar, A Skillful Teacher, And A Committed Humanitarian Who Heeded The People's Socioeconomic And Political Grievances And Took Action To Address Them. Khurasani's Push For Progressive Reforms Helped To Inaugurate A New Era Of Clerical Involvement In Constitutionalism In The Middle East. Part I. The Iranian State And Religion -- Tribal Fighters Become Shahs -- Apprehensive Modernization And The Birth Of Iranian Intellectualism -- Unhappy Merchants And The Revolution For Law -- Shi'ism And Key Institutions Of Leadership -- Shi'ite Iran And The State -- Part Ii. Khurasani And Constitutionalism -- Akhund Khurasani: His Life And Works -- An Islamic Jurist's Thought, Politics, And Practice -- Religious Justification And Khurasani's Perception Of Constitutionalism -- Ijtihad And Politics -- Part Iii. A House Divided -- Shaykh Fazlullah Vs. Akhund Khurasani -- Fundamental Differences Between Nuri And Khurasani. Mateo Mohammad Farzaneh. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.