Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice

Synopsis

References For Preliminary Rulings -- Variations In Member State Use Of Preliminary References -- Which Bodies May Refer? -- What Questions Can Be Referred? -- When Can A Reference For A Preliminary Ruling Be Made? -- When Are National Courts Obliged To Refer Questions? -- When Ought A Reference For A Preliminary Ruling Be Made? -- The Form And Content Of A Reference -- Proceedings Before The Referring Court After A Reference Has Been Made -- The Procedure Before The Court Of Justice -- The Preliminary Ruling -- The Effects Of The Preliminary Ruling -- Litigation Costs And Legal Aid. Morten Broberg And Niels Fenger. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 473-484) And Index.