The Best of the Grammarians: Aristarchus of Samothrace on the Iliad

Synopsis

A Founding Father Of The 'art Of Philology,' Aristarchus Of Samothrace (216-144 Bce) Made A Profound Contribution To Ancient Scholarship. In His Study Of Homer's Iliad, His Methods And Principles Inevitably Informed, Even Reshaped, His Edition Of The Epic. This Systematic Study Places Aristarchus And His Fragments Preserved In The Iliadic Scholia, Or Marginal Annotations, In The Context And Cultural Environment Of His Own Time. Francesca Schironi Presents A More Robust Picture Of Aristarchus As A Scholar Than Anyone Has Offered Previously. Based On Her Analysis Of Over 4,300 Fragments From His Commentary On The Iliad, She Reconstructs Aristarchus' Methodology And Its Relationship To Earlier Scholarship, Especially Aristotelian Poetics. Schironi Departs From The Standard Commentary On Individual Fragments, And Instead Organizes Them By Topic To Produce A Rigorous Scholarly Examination Of How Aristarchus Worked. Combining The Accuracy And Detail Of Traditional Philology With A Big-picture Study Of Recurrent Patterns And Methodological Trends Across Aristarchus' Work, This Volume Offers A New Approach To Scholarship In Alexandrian And Classical Philology. It Will Be The Go-to Reference Book On This Topic For Many Years To Come, And Will Usher In A New Way Of Addressing The Highly Technical Work Of Ancient Scholars Without Losing Philological Accuracy. This Book Will Be Valuable To Classicists And Philologists Interested In Homer And Homeric Criticism In Antiquity, Hellenistic Scholarship, And Ancient Literary Criticism--publisher's Website. Machine Generated Contents Note: 1.1. Aristarchus: Life, Sources, And Selection Of Fragments -- 1. Aristarchus At Alexandria -- 2. The Aristarchean Tradition And The Venetus A -- 3. The Scholia Maiora To The Iliad And Erbse's Edition -- 4. Aristarchus In The Scholia -- 4.1. Aristonicus At Work -- 4.2. Didymus At Work -- 4.3. Aristonicus Versus Didymus -- 5. Selecting Aristarchus' Fragments For This Study -- 6. Words And Content In Aristarchus' Fragments -- 1.2. Aristarchus On Homer: Monographs, Editions, And Commentaries -- 1. Homeric Monographs -- 2. Editions (ekdoseis) And Commentaries (hypomnemata): The Evidence -- 2.1. Ammonius And The Homeric Ekdosis Of Aristarchus -- 2.2. Ekdoseis And Hypomnemata: Different Reconstructions -- 3. The Impact Of Aristarchus' Recension On The Text Of Homer -- 4. Ekdoseis And Hypomnemata: Some Tentative Conclusions -- 2.1 Critical Signs: The Bridge Between Edition And Commentary -- 1. The Critical Signs Used By The Alexandrians -- 2. Ekdosis, Hypomnema, And Critical Signs -- 3. Homeric Hypomnemata On Papyrus And Critical Signs -- 4. Homeric Ekdoseis On Papyrus And Critical Signs -- 5. Conclusions -- 2.2. Aristarchus And Manuscript Evidence -- 1. Evidence From Didymus -- 2. Evidence From Aristonicus -- 3. Conclusions -- 2.3. Paraphrase: A Ubiquitous Interpretative Tool -- 1. Aristarchus' Direct Quotations: Lecturing With Paraphrases -- 2. Close And Loose Paraphrases -- 3. Close Paraphrases: Homer 'translated' Into Koine -- 4. Loose Paraphrases: Discussing Homeric Content -- 5. Other Uses Of Paraphrases -- 6. Conclusions -- 3.0. The Six Parts Of Grammar -- 3.1. Reading Aloud: The Interpretative Effort Of Reading -- 1. The Philologist And The Manuscript -- 2. Reading According To The Right Vowel Quantities -- 3 A Question Of Division: Interpreting The Scriptio Continua -- 4. A Method For Clarifying Things: Adding Accents -- 4.1. Accents And Analogy -- 4.2. Accents And Homographs -- 4.3. Accents, Scriptio Continua, And Syntax -- 5. Between Reading And Semantics: Choosing The Breathing -- 6. Reading Aloud: Syntax And Punctuation -- 7. Posidonius, The 'reader' Of Aristarchus -- 8. Conclusions -- 3.2.a. Interpretation Of Poetic Tropes: Decoding Homer's Style And Figurative Language -- 1. Tropes And Figures -- 2. Criteria Adopted In This Chapter -- 3. Metaphor -- 4. Simile -- 5. Allegory -- 6. Synecdoche -- 7. Litotes And Irony -- 8. Antithesis -- 9. 'side By Side' Construction -- 10. Resumption -- 11. Preeminence -- 12. Reverse Order -- 13. Parallel Order -- 14. Hyperbaton -- 15. Syllepsis -- 16. Hyperbole -- 17. Amplification And Suggestiveness -- 18. Conclusions -- 3.2.b Interpretation Of Poetic Figures: Decoding Homer's Syntax -- 1. Superfluous Parts Of Speech -- 1.1. Superfluous Prepositions -- 1.2. Superfluous Particles And Conjunctions -- 1.3. Superfluous Words Are 'redundant' -- 2. Ellipsis -- 2.1. Ellipsis Of Articles -- 2.2. Ellipsis Of Prepositions -- 3. Enallage -- 3.1. Enallage Of Articles -- 3.2. Enallage Of Prepositions -- 3.3. Enallage Of Case -- 3.4. Enallage Of Case And Enallage, Or Ellipsis, Of Preposition -- 3.5. Other Enallages In Nominal Forms: Gender And Number -- 3.6. Enallage Of Tense -- 3.7. Enallage Of Mood -- 3.7.1. Ibycean Figure -- 3.8. Other Enallages In Verbal Forms: Voice And Person -- 3.9. Enallages Involving Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, And Particles -- 4. Figures Concerning The Agreement Of Subject And Predicate -- 4.1. Pindaric Figure -- 4.2. Plural Predicates With Neuter Plural Subjects -- 4.3. Alcmanic Figure -- 5 Concordantia Ad Sensum -- 6. Apo Koinou Construction -- 6.1. Apo Koinou Constructions And Atheteseis -- 7. Syntactic Supplements -- 7.1. Syntactic Supplements And Atheteseis -- 7.2. Other Figures Requiring Syntactic/semantic Supplements -- 8. Conclusions -- 3.3.a. Explanation Of Glossai: Diving Into The Microcosm Of Homeric Vocabulary -- 1. Analyzing Homeric Vocabulary -- 1.1. Homer As Exegete Of Himself -- 1.2. Glossai Clarified By The Context -- 1.3. Clarifying Homer Without Homer -- 2. Homeric Vocabulary As A Self-sufficient Microcosm -- 2.1. Homeric Greek Versus Koine -- 2.2. Homeric Greek In Line With Koine -- 2.3. Standard Meaning Versus Peculiar Meaning -- 2.4. Homeric Words With A Specific Meaning -- 2.5. Sharp Distinctions In Homeric Vocabulary -- 2.6. Polysemous Words In Homer -- 2.7. Homeric Words With Both Active And Passive Meaning -- 2.8^lural Subjects -- 4.3. Alcmanic Figure -- 5 Words With A Meaning Arising 'from The Consequence' -- 2.9. Genus And Species -- 2.10. Homeric Hapax Legomena -- 2.11. Words Used Wrongly Or According To Catachresis -- 3. Against The Glossographers' One-for-one Interpretation -- 4. Solving Problems Through Homeric Vocabulary -- 4.1. Solving Zetemata And Perceived Narrative Inconsistencies -- 4.2. Solving Perceived Linguistic Inconsistencies -- 4.3. Choice Between Variants -- 4.4. Atheteseis Due To Words Used Oi)x0priptiabc -- 5. Conclusions -- 3.3.b. Explanation Of Historiai: Characters, Customs, And Places Of The Heroic World -- 1. 'who Is Who' In The Iliad -- 1.1. Homonymy: Same Name For Different Heroes -- 1.2. Homonymy To 'save' Homer's Consistency -- 1.3. Double Names: Same Hero With Different Names -- 2. The Heroic World -- 2.1. The Society Of The Iliad: Heroes, Kings, And Soldiers -- 2.2. Social And Religious Rituals -- 2.3^alcmanic Figure -- 5 Meals, Food, And Dining Habits -- 2.4. Clothes And Fashion -- 2.5. Money And Writing -- 2.6. The Dead And Their Rituals -- 2.7. Sports And Funeral Games -- 2.8. Horses And Chariots -- 2.9. Weaponry -- 2.9.1. The Armor -- 2.9.2. The Shield -- 2.9.3. The Zetema Of The Shield Of Achilles -- 2.9.4. Helmets, Swords, And Other Weapons -- 2.9.5. Arming Scenes -- 3. Homeric Geography And Ethnography -- 3.1. Homonymy: Same Name For Different Places -- 3.2. Double Names: Same Place With Different Names -- 3.3. Hellas And Hellenes -- 3.4. Troy And Troad -- 3.5. Mapping The Theater Of War: The Monograph On The Camp -- 3.5.1. The Ships In The Achaean Camp -- 3.5.2. The Order Of The Greek Contingents In The Camp -- 3.5.3. The Battle At The Achaean Wall -- 3.5.4. The Battlefield In The Trojan Plain -- 3.5.5. The Gates Of Troy -- 3.6. The Catalog Of The Ships -- 4. Homeric Cosmology -- 4.1^-- 5 Oceanus -- 4.2. The Stars, The Sun, East, And West -- 4.3. North, South, And The Oikoumene -- 4.4. Air, Aether, Heaven, And Olympus -- 5. Homeric Gods -- 5.1. The Gods' Nature, Dwellings, And Powers -- 5.2. The Gods' Epithets -- 6. The World Of The Heroes And The World Of Homer -- 7. Conclusions -- 3.4. Discovery Of Etymology: An Objective, Multipurpose Practice -- 1. Etymological Strategies -- 1.1. Word Segmentation And Phonetic Changes -- 1.2. Sharing Of Letters/consonants -- 1.3. Reaching Beyond Homer -- 2. Etymology: A Method 'from Within' -- 3. Etymology And Homeric Glossai -- 3.1. Etymology And Words Used According To The Standard Meaning -- 3.2. Against The Glossographers -- 3.3. Homer And The Neoteroi -- 4. Etymology And Compounds -- 5. Etymology And Interaspiration -- 6. Etymology And Variant Readings -- 7. Aristarchus' Etymology Versus Crates' Etymology -- 8. Homer's Etymologies 8.1. Figura Etymologica -- 8.2. Nomen Omen -- 9. Conclusions -- 3.5. Calculation Of Analogy: A 'scientific' Method Applied To The Text -- 1. Types Of Analogical Proportions -- 2. Fragments With Aristarchus' Analogies -- 3. The Criteria Of Analogy -- 4. The Choice Of Comparanda: Homer And Beyond -- 5. Semantic Analogy -- 6. The Function Of Analogy -- 7. Analogy And Deductive Reasoning -- 8. Implied Analogies And 'rational Relationships' Among Forms -- 9. Herodian's Analogy And Aristarchus' Analogical Proportions -- 10. Conclusions -- 3.6.a. Judgment Of Poems: Aristotle's Lesson -- 1. Aristotle And Aristarchus -- 2. A Preliminary Assumption About Tragedy And Epos -- 3. Aristotelian Theory And Aristarchean Practice: Plot -- 4. Aristotelian Theory And Aristarchean Practice: Characters -- 5. Aristotelian Theory And Aristarchean Practice: Thought -- 6^ Versus Crates' Etymology -- 8. Homer's Etymologies Aristotelian Theory And Aristarchean Practice: Diction -- 7. Conclusions -- 3.6.b. Judgment Of Poems: The 'art' Of Athetesis -- 1. The 'invention' Of Athetesis -- 2. A General Rule For Athetesis -- 3. Aristarchus' Atheteseis And Manuscript Evidence -- 4. Main Reasons To Suspect Lines -- 4.1. Internal Inconsistency And Contradictions -- 4.2. Unsuitable Lines -- 4.3. Unbelievability -- 4.4. Superfluous Or Unnecessary Lines -- 4.5. Non-homeric Language Or Society -- 5. Additional Reasons To Suspect Lines -- 5.1. 'prosaic' Or 'cheap' Composition -- 5.2. Tautologies -- 5.3. Repeated Lines -- 6. Athetesis Of Longer Passages -- 7. Why Should Some Lines Be Athetized? -- 7.1. The Pernicious Work Of The 'interpolators' -- 7.2. Aristarchus And The 'interpolators' -- 8. Aristarchus' Attempt To Recover The 'original' Script -- 9. Conclusions -- 3.6.c. Judgment Of Poems: The Art Of 'saving' The Homeric Text 1. Homer's Formulaic Style -- 1.1. Misuse Of Formulaic Lines -- 1.2. Homer's Epithets -- 1.2.1. Generic Epithets And Nongeneric Ones -- 1.2.2. Out-of-place Epithets -- 1.2.3. Epithets And Poetic License -- 2. Homer's Poetic Persona -- 2.1. The Poet's Persona And His Characters' Persona Francesca Schironi. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 765-802) And Indexes.